Kalymnos is widely known as the spongefishers' island, since such a large portion of the population is engaded in this age-old occupation. Once Kalymnos island's capital was located at Chorio, which benefited from the protection offered by the castle of the Knights of St. John just above it. Today's capital is Pothia founded around 1850 by the inhabitants of Horio. Its brightly coloured houses surround the port like the seats in an amphitheatre, arranged along the hillsides down to the caiques and fishing boats bobbing Wow, An old church dedicated to Christ the Saviour adorns the waterfront.
It is decorated with frescoes and valuable icons, while its iconostasis is the work of the well known sculpture, Giannoulis Halepas. Kalymnos island has other charming villages, like Vathi, set in a fertile valley full of citrus tress, and Metohi, on the southeast side of the island. The quiet hamlet of Emborios lies to the north.

To the west are Massouri, Mirties, Kamari and Panormos where one can try sea-food delicacies such as "fouskes" and "chtapokeftedes". On the road to Panormos, you will notice the remains of a three - aisled basilica dedicated to Christ of Jerusalem, which was erected around the 6th century on the site of an ancient temple where Delian Apollo was worshipped. To the north of the main town is Pera Kastro, also called the Castle of the Golden Hands (Chrissoheria), because the chapel in its interior has an icon of the Virgin whose hands are covered with gold leaf, Northeast of Pothia, at the foot of Flaska hill, is the cave of the Seven Virgins or Nymphs (not to be visited). 

Kalymnos island boasts two other caves, the richly decorated Skalies, about 100 metres from the village of Skalia in the north of the island (not to be visited), and Kefalas or Trypas Kefalas to the south (which can be visited and one can approach it by boat). At Therma, only one kilometre or so from Pothia, there are radioactive springs and therapeutic bathing installations, rooms where visitors may spend the night, and specially trained personnel to assist them. Among the lovely beaches on Kalymnos are Massouri, Mirties and Arginondas along the west coast and Vlyhadia in the south.

The history of climbing on Kalymnos island is very recent. Only in 1996, an Italian climbers couple has discovered Kalymnos as a climbers' paradise. They returned with a group of friends to equip routes all over the island which offer a great number and variety of lime stone rocks with different kinds of difficulty degrees (overhangs, caves with stalactites, slabs... At the moment there are about 44 crags with more than 500 single pitch routes. There are also some multi-pitch routes available. As there are still many 'virgin crags' on Kalymnos, the equipping of routes is still going on (equipment with bolts). There are many 'easy' routes (up to 6a) - of course there is no limit to the upper side ! So far, Kalymnos island still rather unknown on an international level and therefore you do not find the usual 'crowds' and 'queues' which are typical for the famous crags.

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